The scroll contains a decree of the Roman Senate on the Bacchic cult (read the decree). The decree is dated to the Nones of October in the consulship of Quintus Marcius and Spurius Postumius (in modern terms, October 7, 186 BCE). The Senate had met in the Temple of Bellona on this day to decide what to do about the growing problem of this cult, which was widely perceived to be promoting immorality and to be becoming a threat to the stability of the Roman government. The text of the decree is known from an inscribed bronze tablet found in Southern Italy. A copy of the decree was filed in the archives of the Temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera.
You may read more about what the Romans thought was happening in this cult in a selection from Livy's History of Rome (39.8-14). The Senate authorized the consuls to conduct an investigation into the cult. The consuls turned up two witnesses who were willing to testify as to the activities of the cult. We must take their comments, and Livy's report of them, with a grain of salt, since the informants may have had their own reasons for distorting the activities of this secret cult and Livy's report would have been further colored by prejudices against such cults.